What Are Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ( Pcos ) Is The Most...

Abstract Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder diagnosed in women of reproductive age. The disease manifests itself with varying symptoms and has long term consequences of heart disease, diabetes, and infertility. PCOS has no clear etiology or pathophysiology, and as new information is being contributed, the mechanism and components of the disease is being updated. Presented here are the most understood and accepted components of PCOS, and its pathology as a reproductive disorder along with its endocrine and metabolic relationships. PCOS pathophysiology exhibits itself mainly through increased androgen synthesis through ovaries and adrenal glands causing follicle growth to halt in the antral stage. Its etiology has been determined to be multifactorial with both genetic and environmental factors causing or increasing effects. Genetics of PCOS have shown its transmission to be in autosomal dominant fashion while environmental factors such as obesity, insulin resistance, and intrauterine environment contributes to its phenotype. Relationships between the factors are discussed and how they contribute to the overall phenotype. Introduction Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal endocrine disorder that causes an increase in androgen production primarily from the ovaries. Affecting 10% of women between the ages of eighteen through forty-four, it is one of the leading causes of infertility in women and one of the mostShow MoreRelatedQuestions On Breast Ovarian Syndrome1240 Words   |  5 Pages Armani PCOS thesis paper Eng 110- 11am Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome I myself have struggled with issues for years before I was diagnosed correctly. PCOS can affect many different things in women going from producing male hormones to the inability to conceive. I found that research is becoming more descriptive and in depth as time goes on. Researchers are still looking into PCOS and are still working on what may be the real cause of PCOS. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is a heath disorder that affectsRead MorePCOS Essay1152 Words   |  5 Pagesrecent years that effects women’s health is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). For more women to become knowledgeable about this disease health professionals need to educate women about what PCOS is, we need to recognize what ecological factors play a role in PCOS, and what can be done to help women manage their PCOS disease. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Approximately, eight to twenty percent of women worldwide suffer from Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome worldwide (National Institute of child healthRead MoreInfertility : A Common Endocrine System Disorder Among Women Of Reproductive Age1568 Words   |  7 PagesInfertility due to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Infertility affects close to 6.1 Million US women during the reproductive age (7). What is infertility? Infertility is generally defined as â€Å"the inability to conceive after 12 months of unprotected sex. After the age of 35 pregnancy becomes more difficult and if infertility persist a shorter timeframe of six months is recommended (2). Infertility is not an illness it is a disease. This disease may not always be painful physically but the pain isRead MoreAnalysis Of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ( Pcos )1441 Words   |  6 Pagesfemale population is affected by Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). The cause is unknown, but it is considered to be the most common endocrine disorder in women. Genetics and insulin resistance are believed to play a significant role. One of the first symptoms is an irregular period. Others include an imbalance in the female sex hormones, weight gain, and male-patterned hair growth and balding. Aside from hormonal treatments, there are some natural ways to treat PCOS and eliminate many of the symptoms

Trends In The Workplace Essay - 1739 Words

Running Head: Assignment 1:Trends in the Workplace Assignment 1:Trends in the Workplace HRM 500 HR Management Foundations January 25, 2014 1 Running Head: Assignment 1:Trends in the Workplace 2 Abstract According to the text, there are a number of key trends in the workplace that have significant influences on organizations. HR professionals play a key role in helping organizations respond to evolving trends, comply with federal and state regulations, and manage workplace flexibility. As an HR professional it is important for you to demonstrate your understanding of the ever changing global environment. Specify the key functional areas of Human Resources Management. Explore the manner in which each†¦show more content†¦Examine three federal equal employment opportunity laws. Suggest the primary manner in which each law influences fair employment practices within the organization where you currently work or an organization for which you have worked in the past. Support your response with specific examples of the chosen organization’s employment practices. According to the National Archives, Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Rehabilitation Act of 1973 is a law that prohibits discrimination against qualified people with disabilities but are able to perform the essential functions of the job (National Archives, 2015). When I used to work at Wal ­Mart, there were many positions that were available for people who had disabilities such as a greeter, there was an low counter at the for associates in wheelchairs. This law influences that if the person can met the duties of the description than they are the best applicant for the job. A person with a disability or not should always beware what’s required of the job and what physical impact that it may have on their health. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1958 , amended in to Equal Pay Act of 1963 prohibits sex ­based wage discrimination (National Archives, 2015). I felt this law was made for company’s who wasn’t trying to pay a woman good wages because they felt a woman’s place was at home. I heard of a situation that I had at theShow MoreRelatedTrends in the Workplace1146 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Running head: Trends in the Workplace Trends in the Workplace Assignment 1 HRM-500 Human Resources Management Foundations March 10, 2014 Material Requirements Planning (MRP) is a production planning and inventory control system used to manage the manufacturing process. Most MRP systems are software-based. However, it is possible to conduct MRP by hand as well. The intent of a MRP system is to simultaneously meet three objectives; (1) Ensure materials are available for productionRead MoreTrends in Workplace17940 Words   |  72 PagesTrends in Workplace Learning: Supply and Demand in Interesting Times By Laurie Bassi, Scott Cheney, and Eleesha Lewis The ancient Chinese saying May you live in interesting times has perhaps never been more relevant. As the 1990s draw to a close and the new millennium fast approaches, life is phenomenally interesting--and demanding. Professionals who are responsible for workplace learning and performance improvement are squarely in the center of the swirl of exciting possibilities--and requirements--thatRead MoreSurviving Current Trends Affecting the Workplace700 Words   |  3 PagesSurviving Current Trends Affecting the Workplace Society plays a huge role in implementing systems that affect our moral beliefs. More and more, we as United States citizens are asked continually to compromise our moral standards and accept the boundaries and rules that are supported by the government. As upcoming leaders of tomorrow, it is an innate duty to serve the public in a righteous manner. According to Colossians 3:17, â€Å"And whatever you do or say, do it as a representative of the Lord JesusRead MoreAssignment 1 Trends in the Workplace Essay675 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Predict three (3) human resource functions that are likely to be affected by the implementation of an MRP system.  Propose two (2) ways in which you as a human resource manager can help the organization carry out this change successfully. As material resource planning (MRP) involves the initiation of the automation of planning needs for resources, ordering materials, and scheduling tasks to be completed on the shop floor; it is to be expected that certain functions of human resourcesRead More​Within This Assignment On Trends In The Workplace I Will1874 Words   |  8 Pages​Within this assignment on Trends In The Workplace I will discuss different issues that we see within the work environment. I will be demonstrating what I’ve learned over these last few weeks within HRM500 course. I’ve learned the important key functional areas of Human Resources Management which I will be discussing within my paper. Here are the key points in which I will be discussing within my paper: four federal equal employment opportunity laws, three significant trends affecting organizationsRead MoreUsefulness Of The Future Managers1213 Words   |  5 Pagescorporate jobs. The workers do not want to get fixed by rigid laws and hierarchical structure. The trend has both risks and benefits. One of the risks is that the startup organizations do not give proper attention to the human resources. Moreover, the startups may violate one or more aspects of the employment law. The book is useful in training prospective future managers and employers since the workplace discrimination scenario is a rapidly changing issue that requires a more intellectual approach.Read MoreEmployee Relations And The Workplace956 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction ‘Employee relations’ is a term used to refer to a study of the rules, regulation, and agreements used to manage workers either as a collective group or as individuals (Leat, 2008, p. 3; Waiganjo Nge the, 2012). Conflict at the workplace is the inevitable issues that stem from interaction between employees and employers. On the other hand, a strike is an industrial action and a collective way in which employees voice their dispute once negotiations do not bear fruits. According toRead MoreBusiness Communication Trends844 Words   |  4 PagesBUSINESS COMMUNICAYION TRENDS Douglas E. Williams COMM285 February 15, 2010 Bryan Spearman â€Å"Mr. Watson come here I need you† Alexander G. Bell said during his famous phone call to his assistant. Mr. Bell not only invented the telephone he develop a trend in business communication. Business communication trends change as society changes and some current trends in business communication will be discussed throughout this paper. The trends discussed will answer the following three questionsRead MoreMemersion Reflection Analysis1593 Words   |  7 Pagescontinue to embrace and put forth in the workplace. For instance, organizations can continue to build a diverse workforce through the hiring of qualified people who come from different cultural backgrounds, by offering ethics and diversity training, practicing equal and fair opportunity, addressing discrimination and harassment acts, and focusing on employee health and wellness, and more. An excellent example of safeguarding equity and diversity in the workplace are initiatives to raise awareness aboutRead Mor eThe Factors That Influence Business Communication872 Words   |  4 Pagesoffers us new tools to use, but first we must understand them before we can use them. We will explore future communication trends in the workplace, how the trends relate to the four factors that influence business communication, and which trends are likely to affect a Human Resources career. The advancements in technology have always seemed to control the communication trends in today’s workforce. For instance, the development of technology has brought electronic communication to the forefront with

Ethical Dilemma for Citizenship and Sustainability - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEthical Dilemma for Citizenship and Sustainability. Answer: What are the ethical problems you identified in your chosen YouTube video? There are three ethical issues related to the early launch of a product without testing the product. Ownership: The employee is the owner of the information related to the organization and if he left the organization, then there is the possibilities that he might be companied by the competitors and this could cause a serious loss to the organization. Privacy and Security: Launching a product without testing (specially, systems) could result in certain bugs and glitches in the system that might affect the customer experience. This will cost in all the way for the organization from its selling to the reputation in the market (Dawid et al., 2017). Control: Controlling the employees according to personal satisfaction can be categorized in an ethical dilemma and forcing the junior employee to do decisions according to personal interest without considering the consequences will ultimately affect the organization. Why are these ethical problems? It is an ethical issue as the agent here has to make the decision on whether the product should be launched or not, or he should talk to the seniors or he should just leave the organization. It is his responsibility to choose the best option with all respective. This creates a different courses of actions, among which he will have to decide to take the decision. The third condition that makes it an ethical dilemma is that irrespective of the chosen course of action, the individual will compromise certain ethical principle (Cooper et al., 2015). This results in no matter what decision is taken by the individual; it will not be a perfect solution. Who is responsible for these problems? Many stakeholders are responsible for these problems, as an ethical dilemma does not occur due to an individuals course of action only. The very first responsible person is the individual who was not present to complete the evaluation process of the systems. If that individual was already there, this situation had never been raised (Cui, 2015). Second responsible person is the executive manager who ordered to launch the product without evaluation without considering the consequences. The third individual responsible for this situation is the agent himself, as he does not know what to do and how to settle the situation considering all the aspects related to the actions. Who is affected by these problems? The very first affected sector will be the organization receiving the products, as the operational activities of the organization will be completely dependent on the systems in manner to share, store, and execute the data and information. Un-tested launching of the systems might lead to certain software and hardware issues that will alternatively affect the production or output of the organization. Regarding database, cyberattacks and data breaches are concerning topics and not evaluating the systems will not ensure that the operating system and software will be updated (Heizer, 2016). This will lead to the privacy and security issues relat4d to the data and information of the organization and the stakeholders whose information have been saved into the database. What project management strategies could have prevented these problems from arising in the first place? Utilitarianism or Consequentialism, Virtue Ethics, Social Contract and Deontological Ethics are the management strategies that could be implemented for preventing such problems that might rises the issues related to the ethical issues. Utilitarianism can be represented as results-based ethics that states that the correct ethical choice chosen at the situation is the one that is favorable for most of the involved individuals while not favorable for some of the stakeholders (Crane Matten, 2016). Virtual ethics put emphasis on the virtues, or moral character, in contrast to the approach that emphasizes duties or rules (deontology) or that emphasizes the consequences of actions (consequentialism). Which of the three actions in your chosen YouTube video is better? Why? Program Director listens to the team will be the most suitable action for all the stakeholders as there will be not any bad consequence of this case only there will be delay in the delivery. The consumers will also understand the importance of data and information saved into their database and after proper communication; they will understand that delay in the delivery will be most suited for their organization (Monczka et al., 2015). The top most priority for making customers believe in the organization and protect the information gathered from the research as the information is the only power in this competitive market that could keep the organization on the track of the competition. What action, other than the three in your chosen YouTube video, can best resolve the problems? Delivering the ten percent of the total delivery and with proper certification in which it is mentioned that the organization will be only responsible for further data breach or intrusions. This will insure that the further consequences will be completely on the organization itself. However, certain loss will be there but, the supplier will be completely detached from the bad consequences and the loss will be only on the other side of the supply (Yawar Seuring, 2017). On the other hand, the consumer enterprise might feel that there is no one to blame so it is better to have some delay in the delivery than later consequences. Who should take the best action? Why? The program director should take the best action in manner to have proper communication with the project manager and the consumer. This conversation will be helpful in minimizing the loss and ensuring the effective and efficient supply and customer experience. This will also ensure the security of the further customers of the consumer enterprise (Laudon Laudon, 2016). This will ensure safety for every stakeholder related with both the organization and consumers of the organizations. Thus, this will be the best solution in all aspects in manner to ensure the privacy and security issues of the stakeholders. What are the implications of the best action on the projects time, cost and quality? The cost must have been decided earlier before the delivery of the supplies however, there will be delay in the supply and consumer organization will be facing certain problems. Quality will be the best as for today, the best defense for the cyberattacks and breaches that might affect the organization and protect it from being closed (Hofmann et al., 2014). Time is one of the greatest factor related to the performance and output of the organization but the safety and security should be given the highest priority in manner to ensure the betterment and reputation in the market. What are the consequences of the best action on the project stakeholders? All the stakeholders will be saved from the bad consequences rather than the consumer organization and the supplier organization will be able maintain its reputation in the market. The costumers of the consumer organization will be able to maintain its sustainability in the market and take competitive advantage of the market (Wecket, 2017). On the other hand, the consumers organization will also be able maintain such level in the market and their consumers will be safe from further privacy and security threat in the future. References: Cooper, R. W., Clapham, S. E., Frank, G. L., Kemp, R. A. (2015). Ethical Issues for Supply Managers: Then and Now?.Journal of Business and Behavior Sciences,27(1), 54. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016).Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Cui, G. (2015). Ethical issues in ethnic segmentation and target marketing. InProceedings of the 1998 Multicultural Marketing Conference(pp. 87-91). Springer, Cham. Dawid, H., Decker, R., Hermann, T., Jahnke, H., Klat, W., Knig, R., Stummer, C. (2017). Management science in the era of smart consumer products: challenges and research perspectives.Central European Journal of Operations Research,25(1), 203-230. Heizer, J. (2016).Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India. Hofmann, H., Busse, C., Bode, C., Henke, M. (2014). Sustainability?related supply chain risks: conceptualization and management.Business Strategy and the Environment,23(3), 160-172. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5M7ohdZ6qA Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J. P. (2016).Management information system. Pearson Education India. Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R. B., Giunipero, L. C., Patterson, J. L. (2015).Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Weckert, J. (Ed.). (2017).Computer ethics. Routledge. Yawar, S. A., Seuring, S. (2017). Management of social issues in supply chains: a literature review exploring social issues, actions and performance outcomes.Journal of Business Ethics,141(3), 621-643.

Benjamin and William Franklin and the American Revolution free essay sample

The events leading up to the American Revolution can be traced back and related to some incidents that many may have saw as petty or insignificant at the time when compared in magnitude to something as immense as a revolution. Nonetheless, these mere misunderstandings and minor conflicts between the mother country, England and its American colonies, were the seedlings that were planted in the soils of the American Revolution that would come to light in the future for both, for better or for worse. , William Franklin, as well as my father Benjamin Franklin saw the roots f the revolution spread throughout the colonies before the final development. However, we came to realize that we no longer shared the same views and interest, and we eventually did take on opposite sides of the revolution. Nevertheless, we both saw the same moments where the lines were drawn on both sides. The revolution did not happen overnight but rather was caused by years of missed compromises, missed reconciliations. Mistreatment, and misrepresentation as well.All of these were the cogs and gears in the machine that was the driving force of the gradual lilied of tension between mother country and the colonies, which would ultimately cause England and the American colonies to go to war. For my recount I would have to start as far back as to when I was appointed to be the governor of New Jersey in 1762. With this appointment from the Crown as governor, myself and my father alike both believed it was the Crown that was best patron of colonial liberty as well as the protector of those liberties, and rights of Englishmen.However, my appointment was Ill timed for me, for the reason that The Board of Trade had Just executed more authority In North America with the Navigation Acts, which meant that American traders could no longer evade the trade laws they had been recently accustomed to bypassing. Additionally England also wished to raise funds for the British military which meant that taxes were shooting through the roof during war years and left the colonies In postwar depression. This incident did not lead to much turmoil and was soon looked at as an afterthought to both England and the American colonies.However similar occurrences were seen shortly after with the Sugar Act, which was to raise taxes In the colonies, and bring ewe trade restrictions. Most colonial leaders did not supp ort this at all because their economies were already in a bad state and this only made things worse for them. They believed that it was in violation of traditional English rights of subjects to tax themselves. Taxation would be a problem seen all too often in the colonies such as In the Stamp Act, Townsend Acts, which again made colonist feel that their liberty was Ignored.Additionally, hostility had begun to boll In America so much that some stamp distributors were resigning their positions. I myself found that the fault should eave lain with Parliament and the ministry for imposing something they should have known would not be welcomed In the colonies because It was counterproductive. Though some of the acts that were Implemented were repealed it left some worry In the minds of not only the people of the colonies but the leaders as well. The 1 OFF representation in. They were beginning to feel susceptible in being constantly overlooked in the enforcement as well and more importantly in the creation of acts.Additionally another sign of a gloomy future to the colonist was that there was a standing army in a time of peace in the colonies. This could be seen as a way of creating a subtle tyranny and one effect of this was on March 5, 1770 in the Boston Massacre. This was one of the causes which lead the American Assemblies to work to limit the authority of Parliament and the King as well. However, shortly after in a protest to taxation also arose in the Boston Tea Party, which showed that division between England and the colonies was starting to show itself.At the time my father was in London working to workout issues dividing England and the colonies but with the sinking of the tea, sank the solution as well. Although the different Acts, Taxes, ND troops were pieces of what was to come, there were matters that were more direct and caused more direct actions. I was able to see the extent to which my fellow colonial leaders were taking an assault on authority which I felt would cause anarchy if not taken care of. My assembly and others like it were losing their power to the ministry and Parliament back in England. More so, I was beginning to find that I was unable to serve and please both King and Colony. I had to enforce policies I had no hand in making but it was impossible to gain compliance with the assemblies. Assemblies were starting to emend more power and were becoming more wary of a fear that the ministry and Parliament had secret motives of taking away the rights and liberties of the colonies. I did not believe that was the motives of England but I still felt that the colonies and the mother country could come to negotiate the issues at hand.However, my beliefs were being overshadowed by the rise of the assemblies and committees erupting throughout which made compromise and reconciliation more difficult as seen with the Boston Port Act, because of the lack of willingness to compromise shown by the assembly in the colonies. I believe one of the biggest hits that led up to the American Revolution was, the Coercive Acts, which simply was a restructuring of Massachusetts government and c reated martial law in the colony. After this I was beginning to see anarchy in America. Courts were ceasing to functions, self-made network of committees took the place of outlawed town meetings, and even my fellow law maker friends did not show me the same treatment as before. Authority in American was no longer deriving from the King but the people were creating it. I felt the Continental Congress did not speak for the majority and was diminishing our chances for conciliation with their actions. Some may say that I became a Loyalist during 1774 with my support of the ministry and my support for England against America.

An Author at Heart free essay sample

We cant wait any longer. We need to pack up shop and get out of here. Not without the girl. We dont know how much Mr. Silverstein told her about us. If we let her go, she could go to the police. There would be no way for us to escape. I froze at the sound of their voices. So close now that I could hear each word clearly without mistake. I glanced around the corner and down the hallway and saw the two men approaching. They didnt know I was there, but I knew that if I didnt do something quick, that wouldnt last long. I pressed my back against the wall and looked frantically for a place to hide. My gaze settled on a closed door on the other side of the hallway. A janitors closet. I only hoped Id be able to make it in time! R! Dinner! Like a dream, the last fragments of the scene shattered as reality settled in. We will write a custom essay sample on An Author at Heart or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The door of the once desired janitors closet formed back into the plain computer screen as the concrete walls of the warehouse dissolved, revealing the gray-pink walls of my bedroom. I again could feel the smooth plastic keys of the keyboard beneath my fingertips. The stillness of the quiet warehouse was replaced by Jan and Deans Dead Mans Curve as their melodic voices floated out the stereos speakers. The distinct sound of clinking dishware drifted up the hall from the kitchen when my dads voice came again. R! Coming! I viciously stabbed at the save button with my cursor before closing the program, waiting until it was dome before unplugging the thumb-drive. Id have more time to work on the story after dinner, but that didnt settle my annoyance of the disruption of my writing process. This hadnt been the first time I had debated skipping dinner in order to continue writing a chapter. To me, the excitement of finishing another book outweighed my hunger for food causing me to ignore the heavenly smells wafting from the kitchen. I was more interested in finding what would happen next then what was on the dinner menu. It had been this way since the third grade when I first settled down at my desk to write a story. With each word and each sentence I completed, my love for writing grew and grew. Sentences soon became paragraphs and paragraphs into chapters until my small hobby became an unleashed obsession as I wrote more and more trying to complete a book I was proud of. I would carry a notebook with me to school everyday using every bit of free time I had to add to my book. By the eleventh grade I had finished a total of two stories in all and had begun several others, but no matter how much I wrote, I was never completely satisfied with the ending product. My writing skill lacked something and my goal of finding this missing aspect persuaded me to write more and more and led to countless afternoons in front of the computer only to be interrupted by my fathers familiar call. R! Dinner! No matter how many times Ive been called away, I always know Ill come back to write and again be transported into a different world, where I become my characters: living their adventures, knowing very well that reality is only a sentence away.

Causes for Terrorism in India Essays

Causes for Terrorism in India Essays Causes for Terrorism in India Essay Causes for Terrorism in India Essay Causes For Terrorism in India The causes for the various insurgent/terrorist movements include: Political causes: This is seen essentially in Assam and Tripura. The political factors that led to insurgency-cum-terrorism included the failure of the government to control large-scale illegal immigration of Muslims from Bangladesh, to fulfil the demand of economic benefits for the sons and daughters of the soil, etc. Economic causes: Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Bihar are prime examples. The economic factors include the absence of land reforms, rural unemployment, exploitation of landless labourers by land owners, etc. These economic grievances and perceptions of gross social injustice have given rise to ideological terrorist groups such as the various Marxist/Maoist groups operating under different names. Ethnic causes: Mainly seen in Nagaland, Mizoram and Manipur due to feelings of ethnic separateness. Religious causes: Punjab before 1995 and in JK since 1989. In Punjab, some Sikh elements belonging to different organisations took to terrorism to demand the creation of an independent state called Khalistan for the Sikhs. In JK, Muslims belonging to different organisations took to terrorism for conflicting objectives. Some, such as the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front, want independence for the state, including all the territory presently part of India, Pakistan and China. Others, such as the Hizbul Mujahideen , want Indias J;K state to be merged with Pakistan. While those who want independence project their struggle as a separatist one, those wanting a merger with Pakistan project it as a religious struggle. There have also been sporadic acts of religious terrorism in other parts of India. These are either due to feelings of anger amongst sections of the Muslim youth over the governments perceived failure to safeguard their lives and interests or due to Pakistans attempts to cause religious polarisation. The maximum number of terrorist incidents and deaths of innocent civilians have occurred due to religious terrorism. While the intensity of the violence caused by terrorism of a non-religious nature can be rated as low or medium, that of religious terrorism has been high or very high. It has involved the indiscriminate use of sophisticated Improvised Explosive Devices, suicide bombers, the killing of civilians belonging to the majority community with hand-held weapons and resorting to methods such as hijacking, hostage-taking, blowing up of aircraft through IEDs, etc. Certain distinctions between the modus operandi and concepts/beliefs of religious and non-religious terrorist groups need to be underlined, namely: Non-religious terrorist groups in India do not believe in suicide terrorism, but the LTTE does. Of the religious terrorist groups, the Sikhs did not believe in suicide terrorism. The indigenous terrorist groups in J;K do not believe in suicide terrorism either; it is a unique characteristic of Pakistans pan-Islamic jihadi groups operating in JK and other parts of India. They too did not believe in suicide terrorism before 1998; in fact, there was no suicide terrorism in JK before 1999. They started resorting to it only after they joined Osama bin Ladens International Islamic Front in 1998. Since then, there have been 46 incidents of suicide terrorism, of which 44 were carried out by bin Ladens Pakistani supporters belonging to these organisations. Non-religious terrorist groups in India have not resorted to hijacking and blowing up of aircraft. Of the religious terrorists, the Sikh groups were responsible for five hijackings, the indigenous JKLF for one and the Pakistani jihadi group, the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (which is a member of the IIF), for one. The Babbar Khalsa, a Sikh terrorist group, blew up Air Indias Kanishka aircraft off the Irish coast on June 23, 1985, killing nearly 200 passengers and made an unsuccessful attempt the same day to blow up another Air India plane at Tokyo. The IED there exploded prematurely on the ground. The Kashmiri and the Pakistani jihadi groups have not tried to blow up any passenger plane while on flight. However, the JKLF had blown up an Indian Airlines aircraft, which it had hijacked to Lahore in 1971, after asking the passengers and crew to disembark. All terrorist groups religious as well as non-religious have resorted to kidnapping hostages for ransom and for achieving other demands. The non-religious terrorist groups have targeted only Indians, whereas the religious terrorist groups target Indians as well as foreigners. The Khalistan Commando Force, a Sikh terrorist group, kidnapped a Romanian diplomat in New Delhi in 1991. The JKLF kidnapped some Israeli tourists in J;K in 1992. HUM, under the name Al Faran, kidnapped five Western tourists in 1995 and is believed to have killed four of them. An American managed to escape. Sheikh Omar, presently on trial for the kidnap and murder of American journalist Daniel Pearl in Karachi in January last year, had earlier kidnapped some Western tourists near Delhi. They were subsequently freed by the police. Non-religious terrorist groups in India have not carried out any act of terrorism outside Indian territory. Of the religious terrorist groups, a Sikh organisation blew up an Air India plane off the Irish coast and unsuccessfully tried to blow up another plane at Tokyo the same day, plotted to kill then prime minister Rajiv Gandhi during his visit to the US in June 1985 (the plot was foiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation), attacked the Indian ambassador in Bucharest, Romania, in October 1991, and carried out a number of attacks on pro-government members of the Sikh diaspora abroad. The JKLF kidnapped and killed an Indian diplomat in Birmingham, England 1984. In the 1970s, the Anand Marg had indulged in acts of terrorism in foreign countries. None of the non-religious terrorist groups advocate the acquisition and use of Weapons of Mass Destruction. Of the religious groups, the Sikh and the indigenous Kashmiri terrorist groups did/do not advocate the acquisition and use of WMD. However, the Pakistani pan-Islamic groups, which are members of the IIF and which operate in J;K, support bin Ladens advocacy of the right and religious obligation of Muslims to acquire and use WMD to protect their religion, if necessary. The Sikh terrorist groups did not cite their holy book as justification for their acts of terrorism, but the indigenous Kashmiri groups as well as the Pakistani jihadi groups operating in India cite the holy Koran as justification for their jihad against the government of India and the Hindus. The Sikh and the indigenous Kashmiri groups projected/project their objective as confined to their respective state, but the Pakistani pan-Islamic terrorist groups project their aim as extending to the whole of South Asia namely the ‘liberation of Muslims in India and the ultimate formation of an Islamic Caliphate consisting of the ‘Muslim homelands of India and Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The Sikh terrorist groups demanded an independent nation on the ground that Sikhs constituted a separate community and could not progress as fast as they wanted to in a Hindu-dominated country. They did not deride Hinduism and other non-Sikh religions. Nor did they call for the eradication of Hindu influences from their religion. The indigenous Kashmiri organisations, too, follow a similar policy. But the Pakistani pan-Islamic jihadi organisations ridicule and condemn Hinduism and other religions and call for the eradication of what hey describe as the corrupting influence of Hinduism on Islam as practised in South Asia. The Sikh and indigenous Kashmiri terrorist organisations believed/believe in Western-style parliamentary democracy. The Pakistani jihadi organisations project Western-style parliamentary democracy as anti-Islam since it believes sovereignty vests in people and not in God. Religious as well as non-religious terrorist groups have external links with like-minded terrori st groups in other countries. Examples: The link between the Marxist groups of India with Maoist groups of Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh; the link between the indigenous Kashmiri organisations with the religious, fundamentalist and jihadi organisations of Pakistan; the link between organisations such as the Students Islamic Movement of India with jihadi elements in Pakistan and Saudi Arabia; and the link between the Pakistani pan-Islamic jihadi organisations operating in India with bin Ladens Al Qaeda and the Taliban .

The Speluncean Explorer's case Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Speluncean Explorer's case - Term Paper Example In essence, what this case showed is an apparent conflict between law and justice, when there is an exigency, and whether the law as written, still applies due to the highly unusual circumstances obtaining in this case, or to allow some exceptions to the rule of law, which might undermine the structure of an orderly society. Discussion Five members of the explorer society went inside a limestone cavern but soon found out they were involuntarily imprisoned due to a landslide which blocked the only known opening of the cave, and hence, blocked their exit for escape as well. It took some time for the rescue party to finally gain access to the trapped explorers which entailed great effort and expense. When they were finally rescued, after repeated landslides which killed ten rescuers, on the thirty-second day of their imprisonment, sordid details of their enforced stay inside the cave came to light. It soon was revealed the four survivors engaged in cannibalism by eating one explorer, wh ich was Roger Whetmore, in order to survive their confinement, as they had brought along only scant food. About the facts of this case – the facts in this case caused considerable debate among all legal scholars, academicians, the judges, the jury and the general public because it was the highly unusual nature of cannibalism which rendered past legal precedents to be entirely useless in the determination of the correct judgment and sentence to be carried out against the four survivors. A careful and deeper review of the case facts showed an apparent conflict between the demands of justice and what the letter of the law requires to be considered as a just punishment or retribution. Some of the characteristics of these case facts which made everyone feel uncomfortable about in carrying out the death sentence as the legally-mandated conclusion are enumerated below: a. Prior opinion and permission was requested – Whetmore had first asked the rescue party to produce a physi cian whom the survivors could ask for an opinion on how long they can expect to live without food (from the twentieth day onwards for another ten days until the rescue) and he also asked for some permission whether casting lots to decide who should be eaten among them in order for the rest of the survivors to live long enough till the rescuers can reach them. He also requested to talk to a judge, government official, priest or minister who can sanction what he and the others with him were planning to do but his request for an answer was not granted. b. It was Whetmore's original idea – it was Whetmore himself who had first proposed a solution to their predicament by bringing up the idea with his fellow survivors and he had even suggested the use of a pair of dice he happened to have with him. In other words, there was even a tacit or tentative agreement among them to choose this odious and frightful expediency in order to survive, through a casting of lots using the pair of d ice. What made these case facts unusual is that Whetmore withdrew or deferred the implementation of his own suggestion of cannibalism. c. Abdication by the jury – incredibly, due to highly unusual circumstances, even the jury found it